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- ******************************
- * Insect defensins signature *
- ******************************
-
- Insect defensins are a family of cysteine-rich antibacterial peptides,
- primarily active against gram-positive bacteria. The peptides known to belong
- to this family are listed below.
-
- - Phormicin A and B from black blowfly (Phormia terranovae) [1].
- - Royalisin from the royal jelly of honey bee [2].
- - Sapecin and sapecin C from flesh fly (Sarcophaga peregrina) [3].
- - Antibacterial peptides B and C from the beetle Zophobas atratus [4].
- - Defensin from the larva of the dragonfly Aeschna cyanea [5].
-
- All these peptides range in length from 38 to 51 amino acids. There are six
- conserved cysteines all involved in intrachain disulfide bonds. A schematic
- representation of peptides from the insect defensin family is shown below.
-
- +----------------------------+
- | **************|********
- xxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxCxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxCxCxx
- | | | |
- +---|---------------+ |
- +-----------------+
-
- 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
- '*': position of the pattern.
-
- -Consensus pattern: C-x(3)-C-x(3,4)-G-x(2)-G-G-x-C-x(1,4)-K-x(2)-C-x-C
- [The five C's are involved in disulfide bonds]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Note: although low level sequence similarities have been reported [1]
- between insect defensins and mammalian defensins, the topological arrangement
- of the disulfide bonds as well as the tertiary structure [6] are completely
- different in the two families.
-
- -Last update: October 1993 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Lambert J., Keppi E., Dimarcq J.-L., Wicker C., Reichhart J.-M.,
- Dunbar B., Lepage P., van Dorsselaer A., Hoffmann J., Fothergill J.,
- Hoffmann D.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:262-266(1989).
- [ 2] Fujiwara S., Imai J., Fujiwara M., Yaeshima T., Kawashima T.,
- Kobayashi K.
- J. Biol. Chem. 265:11333-11337(1990).
- [ 3] Yamada K., Natori S.
- Biochem. J. 291:275-279(1993).
- [ 4] Bulet P., Cociancich S., Dimarcq J.-L., Lambert J., Reichhart J.-M.,
- Hoffmann D., Hetru C., Hoffmann J.A.
- J. Biol. Chem. 266:24520-24525(1991).
- [ 5] Bulet P., Cociancich S., Reuland M., Sauber F., Bischoff R., Hegy G.,
- van Dorsselaer A., Hetru C., Hoffmann J.A.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 209:977-984(1992).
- [ 6] Hanzawa H., Shimada I., Kuzuhara T., Komano H., Kohda D., Inagaki F.,
- Natori S., Arata Y.
- FEBS Lett. 269:413-420(1990).
-